Technological Coloniality and Dependency of the Global South: A Critical Reading from Latin America

Abstract

In an international system where States interact under a normative framework oriented toward peace and global prosperity, this study evaluates how technological development, innovation, and information driven by China, India, the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Russian Federation, and Brazil since 2020 have enabled them to consolidate their positions as influential actors of the Global South, with the potential to increase instability in the international system. A qualitative approach is adopted, based on the critical analysis of academic and documentary sources, to examine the tensions between technology, power, and strategic autonomy. The results show that technological development, far from being a neutral process, reinforces structural asymmetries and reproduces the dependence of the Global South on the world’s centers of power. It is concluded that technology functions as a vector of coloniality and control, raising the need to design cooperative, sovereign, and ethically oriented policies toward an inclusive technological development from Latin America.